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# LI. Mathematical Functions

# Introduction

These math functions will only handle values within the range of the integer and float types on your computer. (this corresponds currently to the C types long resp. double) If you need to handle bigger numbers, take a look at the arbitrary precision math functions.

## Math constants

The following values are defined as constants in PHP by the math extension:

Table 1. Math constants

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
M_PI | 3.14159265358979323846 | Pi
M_E | 2.7182818284590452354 | e
M_LOG2E | 1.4426950408889634074 | log_2 e
M_LOG10E | 0.43429448190325182765 | log_10 e
M_LN2 | 0.69314718055994530942 | log_e 2
M_LN10 | 2.30258509299404568402 | log_e 10
M_PI_2 | 1.57079632679489661923 | pi/2
M_PI_4 | 0.78539816339744830962 | pi/4
M_1_PI | 0.31830988618379067154 | 1/pi
M_2_PI | 0.63661977236758134308 | 2/pi
M_SQRTPI | 1.77245385090551602729 | sqrt(pi) [4.0.2]
M_2_SQRTPI | 1.12837916709551257390 | 2/sqrt(pi)
M_SQRT2 | 1.41421356237309504880 | sqrt(2)
M_SQRT3 | 1.73205080756887729352 | sqrt(3) [4.0.2]
M_SQRT1_2 | 0.70710678118654752440 | 1/sqrt(2)
M_LNPI | 1.14472988584940017414 | log_e(pi) [4.0.2]
M_EULER | 0.57721566490153286061 | Euler constant [4.0.2]

Only M_PI is available in PHP versions up to and including PHP4RC1. All other constants are available starting with PHP 4.0. Constants labelled [4.0.2] were added in PHP 4.0.2.

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