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# XCIV. Socket functions

Warning
This extension is EXPERIMENTAL. The behaviour of this extension, including the names of its functions, and anything else documented about this extension may change in a future release of PHP without notice. Be warned and use this extension at your own risk.

The socket extension implements a low-level interface to the socket communication functions, providing the possibility to act as a socket server as well as a client.

The socket functions described here are part of an extension to PHP which must be enabled at compile time by giving the `--enable-sockets` option to configure.

For a more generic client-side socket interface, see fsockopen() and pfsockopen().

When using these functions, it is important to remember that while many of them have identical names to their C counterparts, they often have different declarations. Please be sure to read the descriptions to avoid confusion.

That said, those unfamiliar with socket programming can still find a lot of useful material in the appropriate Unix man pages, and there is a great deal of tutorial information on socket programming in C on the web, much of which can be applied, with slight modifications, to socket programming in PHP.

Example 1. Socket example: Simple TCP/IP server This example shows a simple talkback server. Change the `address` and `port` variables to suit your setup and execute. You may then connect to the server with a command similar to: telnet 192.168.1.53 10000 (where the address and port match your setup). Anything you type will then be output on the server side, and echoed back to you. To disconnect, enter 'quit'.
    <?php
    error_reporting (E_ALL);

    /* Allow the script to hang around waiting for connections. */
    set_time_limit (0);

    $address = '192.168.1.53';
    $port = 10000;

    if (($sock = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        echo "socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($sock) . "\n";
    }

    if (($ret = socket_bind ($sock, $address, $port)) < 0) {
        echo "socket_bind() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
    }

    if (($ret = socket_listen ($sock, 5)) < 0) {
        echo "socket_listen() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
    }

    do {
        if (($msgsock = socket_accept($sock)) < 0) {
            echo "socket_accept() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($msgsock) . "\n";
            break;
        }
        do {
            $buf = '';
            $ret = socket_read ($msgsock, $buf, 2048);
            if ($ret < 0) {
                echo "socket_read() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
                break 2;
            }
            if ($ret == 0) {
                break 2;
            }
            $buf = trim ($buf);
            if ($buf == 'quit') {
                socket_close ($msgsock);
                break 2;
            }
            $talkback = "PHP: You said '$buf'.\n";
            socket_write ($msgsock, $talkback, strlen ($talkback));
            echo "$buf\n";
        } while (true);
        socket_close ($msgsock);
    } while (true);

    socket_close ($sock);
    ?>

Example 2. Socket example: Simple TCP/IP client This example shows a simple, one-shot HTTP client. It simply connects to a page, submits a HEAD request, echoes the reply, and exits.
    <?php
    error_reporting (E_ALL);

    echo "<h2>TCP/IP Connection</h2>\n";

    /* Get the port for the WWW service. */
    $service_port = getservbyname ('www', 'tcp');

    /* Get the IP address for the target host. */
    $address = gethostbyname ('www.php.net');

    /* Create a TCP/IP socket. */
    $socket = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if ($socket < 0) {
        echo "socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($socket) . "\n";
    } else {
        "socket_create() successful: " . socket_strerror ($socket) . "\n";
    }

    echo "Attempting to connect to '$address' on port '$service_port'...";
    $result = socket_connect ($socket, $address, $service_port);
    if ($result < 0) {
        echo "socket_connect() failed.\nReason: ($result) " . socket_strerror($result) . "\n";
    } else {
        echo "OK.\n";
    }

    $in = "HEAD / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
    $out = '';

    echo "Sending HTTP HEAD request...";
    socket_write ($socket, $in, strlen ($in));
    echo "OK.\n";

    echo "Reading response:\n\n";
    while (socket_read ($socket, $out, 2048)) {
        echo $out;
    }

    echo "Closing socket...";
    socket_close ($socket);
    echo "OK.\n\n";
    ?>

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