PostgreSQL 7.2.1 Documentation
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# Index

## Symbols

$libdir, Dynamic Loading
.odbc.ini, Configuration Files

## A

aggregate, Aggregate Functions
aggregate functions, Aggregate Expressions
  extending, Extending SQL: Aggregates
alias
  See label
  for table name in query, Joins Between Tables
all, Subquery Expressions
and
  operator, Logical Operators
any, Subquery Expressions
ApplixWare, ApplixWare
arrays, Arrays, Extending SQL: Types
  constants, Array constants
Australian time zones, General operation
auto-increment
  See serial
average, Aggregate Functions
  function, Aggregate Functions

## B

B-tree
  See indexes
backup, Backup and Restore
between, Comparison Operators
bigint, Numeric Types
bigserial, The Serial Types
binary strings
  concatenation, Binary String Functions and Operators
  length, Binary String Functions and Operators
bison, Requirements
bit strings
  constants, Bit-String Constants
  data type, Bit String Types
BLOB
  See large object
Boolean
  data type, Boolean Type
  operators
    See operators, logical
box (data type), Box
BSD/OS, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

## C

C++, libpq++ - C++ Binding Library
case, Conditional Expressions
case sensitivity
  SQL commands, Identifiers and Key Words
character strings
  concatenation, String Functions and Operators
  constants, String Constants
  data types, Character Types
  length, String Functions and Operators
cidr, cidr
circle, Circle
client authentication, Client Authentication
cluster, Concepts
column, Concepts
columns
  system columns, Columns
col_description, Miscellaneous Functions
comments
  in SQL, Comments
comparison
  operators, Comparison Operators
concurrency, Multiversion Concurrency Control
conditionals, Conditional Expressions
configuration
  server, Run-time configuration
configure, Installation Procedure, Building and Installing PL/Perl
constants, Constants
COPY, Populating a Table With Rows
  with libpq, Functions Associated with the COPY Command
count, Aggregate Functions
CREATE TABLE, Creating a New Table
createdb, Creating a Database
currval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions

## D

data area
  See database cluster
data types, Data Types
  constants, Constants of Other Types
  extending, Extending SQL: Types
  numeric, Numeric Types
  type casts, Type Casts
database, Managing Databases
  creating, Creating a Database
database cluster, Creating a database cluster
date
  constants, Special values
  current, Current Date/Time
  data type, date
  output format, Date/Time Output
    See also Formatting
deadlock
  timeout, General operation
decimal
  See numeric
DELETE, Deletions
Digital UNIX
  See Tru64 UNIX
dirty reads, Transaction Isolation
disk space, Recovering disk space
DISTINCT, Querying a Table, DISTINCT
double precision, Numeric Types
DROP TABLE, Creating a New Table
duplicate, Querying a Table
dynamic loading, General operation
dynamic_library_path, General operation, Dynamic Loading

## E

elog, Database Access from PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Perl
embedded SQL
  in C, ecpg - Embedded SQL in C
environment variables, Environment Variables
error message, Database Connection Functions
escaping binary strings, Escaping binary strings for inclusion in SQL queries
escaping strings, Escaping strings for inclusion in SQL queries
except, Combining Queries
exists, Subquery Expressions

## F

false, Boolean Type
FETCH
  embedded SQL, Porting From Other RDBMS Packages
flex, Requirements
float4
  See real
float8
  See double precision
floating point, Numeric Types
  constants, Floating-Point Constants
foreign key, Foreign Keys
formatting, Data Type Formatting Functions
FreeBSD, Starting the database server, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
fsync, General operation
function, Extending SQL: Functions
  internal, Internal Functions
  SQL, Query Language (SQL) Functions
functions, Functions and Operators

## G

genetic query optimization, Planner and Optimizer Tuning
GEQO
  See genetic query optimization
group, GROUP BY and HAVING clauses
GROUP BY, Aggregate Functions

## H

hash
  See indexes
has_table_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
HAVING, Aggregate Functions
hierarchical database, Concepts
HP-UX, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

## I

ident, Ident-based authentication
identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words
in, Subquery Expressions
index scan, Planner and Optimizer Tuning
indexes, Indexes
  B-tree, Index Types
  hash, Index Types
  multicolumn, Multicolumn Indexes
  on functions, Functional Indexes
  partial, Partial Indexes
  R-tree, Index Types
  unique, Unique Indexes
inet (data type), inet
inheritance, Inheritance, General operation
initlocation, Alternative Locations
input function, Extending SQL: Types
INSERT, Populating a Table With Rows
installation, Installation Instructions
  on Windows, Requirements, Installation on Windows
int2
  See smallint
int4
  See integer
int8
  See bigint
integer, Numeric Types
intersection, Combining Queries
interval, interval [ ( precision ) ]
iODBC, Installation
IRIX, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
IS NULL, General operation
isolation levels, Transaction Isolation
  read committed, Read Committed Isolation Level
  read serializable, Serializable Isolation Level

## J

join, Joins Between Tables
  outer, Joins Between Tables
  self, Joins Between Tables
joins, Joined Tables
  cross, Joined Tables
  left, Joined Tables
  natural, Joined Tables
  outer, Joined Tables

## K

Kerberos, Kerberos authentication
key words
  list of, SQL Key Words
  syntax, Identifiers and Key Words

## L

label
  column, Column Labels
  table, Table and Column Aliases
large object, Large Objects
LC_COLLATE, Creating a database cluster
ldconfig, Shared Libraries
length
  binary strings
    See binary strings, length
  character strings
    See character strings, length
libperl, Building and Installing PL/Perl
libpgtcl, pgtcl - Tcl Binding Library
libpq, libpq - C Library
libpq++, libpq++ - C++ Binding Library
libpq-fe.h, Database Connection Functions
libpq-int.h, Database Connection Functions, Building Libpq Programs
like, Pattern Matching with LIKE
limit, LIMIT and OFFSET
line, Line Segment
Linux, Starting the database server, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
locale, Locale Support
locking, Locking and Tables
log files, Log File Maintenance

## M

MAC address
  See macaddr
macaddr (data type), macaddr
make, Requirements
MANPATH, Environment Variables
  See also man pages
max, Aggregate Functions
MD5, Password authentication
min, Aggregate Functions
multibyte, Multibyte Support

## N

NetBSD, Starting the database server, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
network
  addresses, Network Address Data Types
nextval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
non-repeatable reads, Transaction Isolation
nonblocking connection, Database Connection Functions, Asynchronous Query Processing
not
  operator, Logical Operators
not in, Subquery Expressions
notice processor, libpq Control Functions
NOTIFY, Asynchronous Notification, pg_listen
nullif, Conditional Expressions
numeric (data type), Numeric Types

## O

object-oriented database, Concepts
obj_description, Miscellaneous Functions
ODBC, ODBC Interface
odbc.sql, Installation
offset
  with query results, LIMIT and OFFSET
OID, Columns
OpenBSD, Starting the database server, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
OpenSSL, Installation Procedure
  See also SSL
operators, Functions and Operators
  logical, Logical Operators
  precedence, Lexical Precedence
  syntax, Operators
or
  operator, Logical Operators
Oracle, Porting From Other RDBMS Packages, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
ORDER BY, Querying a Table, Benefits
output function, Extending SQL: Types
overloading, Function Overloading

## P

password, Password authentication
PATH, Environment Variables
path (data type), Path
Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
PGDATA, Creating a database cluster
PGDATABASE, Environment Variables
PGHOST, Environment Variables
PGPASSWORD, Environment Variables
PGPORT, Environment Variables
pgtcl
  closing, pg_lo_close
  connecting, pg_connect, pg_disconnect, pg_conndefaults, pg_exec, pg_result, pg_select
  creating, pg_lo_creat
  delete, pg_lo_unlink
  export, pg_lo_export
  import, pg_lo_import
  notify, pg_listen
  opening, pg_lo_open
  positioning, pg_lo_lseek, pg_lo_tell
  reading, pg_lo_read
  writing, pg_lo_write
PGUSER, Environment Variables
pg_config, Building Libpq Programs, Writing Code
pg_conndefaults, pg_conndefaults
pg_connect, pg_connect, pg_disconnect, pg_exec, pg_result, pg_select
pg_ctl, Starting the database server
pg_dumpall, If You Are Upgrading
pg_get_indexdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_ruledef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_userbyid, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_viewdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_hba.conf, The pg_hba.conf file
pg_ident.conf, Ident-based authentication
pg_lo_close, pg_lo_close
pg_lo_creat, pg_lo_creat
pg_lo_export, pg_lo_export
pg_lo_import, pg_lo_import
pg_lo_lseek, pg_lo_lseek
pg_lo_open, pg_lo_open
pg_lo_read, pg_lo_read
pg_lo_tell, pg_lo_tell
pg_lo_unlink, pg_lo_unlink
pg_lo_write, pg_lo_write
phantom reads, Transaction Isolation
PIC, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
PL/Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
PL/pgSQL, PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language
PL/Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language
PL/SQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
PL/Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
point, Point
polygon, Polygon
port, General operation
postgres user, The PostgreSQL user account
postmaster, Architectural Fundamentals, Starting the database server
ps
  to monitor activity, Standard Unix Tools
psql, Accessing a Database
Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

## Q

query, Querying a Table
quotes
  and identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words
  escaping, String Constants

## R

R-tree
  See indexes
range table, The Parts of a Query tree
readline, Requirements
real, Numeric Types
referential integrity, Foreign Keys
regression test, Installation Procedure
regular expressions, POSIX Regular Expressions
  See also pattern matching
relation, Concepts
relational database, Concepts
row, Concepts
rules, The Rule System
  and views, Views and the Rule System

## S

SCO OpenServer, Shared Memory and Semaphores
SELECT, Querying a Table
  select list, Select Lists
semaphores, Shared Memory and Semaphores
sequences, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
  and serial type, The Serial Types
sequential scan, Planner and Optimizer Tuning
serial, The Serial Types
serial4, The Serial Types
serial8, The Serial Types
SETOF, Query Language (SQL) Functions
  See also function
setval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
shared libraries, Shared Libraries
shared memory, Shared Memory and Semaphores
SHMMAX, Shared Memory and Semaphores
SIGHUP, Run-time configuration, The pg_hba.conf file, Ident-based authentication
sliced bread
  See TOAST
smallint, Numeric Types
Solaris, Starting the database server, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
some, Subquery Expressions
sorting
  query results, Sorting Rows
SPI
  allocating space, SPI_palloc, SPI_repalloc, SPI_pfree, SPI_freetuple, SPI_freetuptable, SPI_freeplan
  connecting, SPI_connect, SPI_prepare, SPI_execp, SPI_saveplan
  copying tuple descriptors, SPI_copytupledesc
  copying tuples, SPI_copytuple, SPI_copytupleintoslot
  cursors, SPI_cursor_open, SPI_cursor_find, SPI_cursor_fetch, SPI_cursor_move, SPI_cursor_close
  decoding tuples, SPI_fnumber, SPI_fname, SPI_getvalue, SPI_getbinval, SPI_gettype, SPI_gettypeid, SPI_getrelname
  disconnecting, SPI_finish
  executing, SPI_exec
  modifying tuples, SPI_modifytuple
SPI_connect, SPI_connect
SPI_copytuple, SPI_copytuple
SPI_copytupledesc, SPI_copytupledesc
SPI_copytupleintoslot, SPI_copytupleintoslot
SPI_cursor_close, SPI_cursor_close
SPI_cursor_fetch, SPI_cursor_fetch
SPI_cursor_find, SPI_cursor_find
SPI_cursor_move, SPI_cursor_move
SPI_cursor_open, SPI_cursor_open
SPI_exec, SPI_exec
SPI_execp, SPI_execp
SPI_finish, SPI_finish
SPI_fname, SPI_fname
SPI_fnumber, SPI_fnumber
SPI_freeplan, SPI_freeplan
SPI_freetuple, SPI_freetuple
SPI_freetuptable, SPI_freetuptable
SPI_getbinval, SPI_getbinval
SPI_getrelname, SPI_getrelname
SPI_gettype, SPI_gettype
SPI_gettypeid, SPI_gettypeid
SPI_getvalue, SPI_getvalue
spi_lastoid, Database Access from PL/Tcl
SPI_modifytuple, SPI_modifytuple
SPI_palloc, SPI_palloc
SPI_pfree, SPI_pfree
SPI_prepare, SPI_prepare
SPI_repalloc, SPI_repalloc
SPI_saveplan, SPI_saveplan
ssh, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH tunnels
SSL, General operation, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL, Database Connection Functions
standard deviation, Aggregate Functions
statistics, Statistics Collector
strings
  See character strings
subqueries, Subqueries, Subquery Expressions
subquery, Aggregate Functions
substring, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators
sum, Aggregate Functions
superuser, Accessing a Database
syntax
  SQL, SQL Syntax

## T

table, Concepts
Tcl, pgtcl - Tcl Binding Library, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
TCP/IP, Starting the database server
text
  See character strings
threads
  with libpq, Threading Behavior
time
  constants, Special values
  current, Current Date/Time
  data type, time [ ( p ) ] [ without time zone ], time [ ( precision ) ] with time zone
  output format, Date/Time Output
    See also Formatting
time with time zone
  data type, time [ ( precision ) ] with time zone
time without time zone
  time, time [ ( p ) ] [ without time zone ]
time zones, Time Zones, Time Zones
timeout
  authentication, General operation
  deadlock, General operation
timestamp
  data type, timestamp [ (precision) ] with time zone
timestamp without time zone
  data type, timestamp [ (precision) ] without time zone
TOAST, Introduction
  and user-defined types, Extending SQL: Types
transaction ID
  wraparound, Preventing transaction ID wraparound failures
transaction isolation level, General operation
transactions, Transactions
triggers
  in PL/Tcl, Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl
Tru64 UNIX, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
true, Boolean Type
types
  See data types

## U

Unicode, About Unicode
union, Combining Queries
unixODBC, Installation
UnixWare, Shared Memory and Semaphores, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
UPDATE, Updates
upgrading, If You Are Upgrading, Migration between releases
user
  current, Miscellaneous Functions

## V

vacuum, Routine Vacuuming
variance, Aggregate Functions
version, Accessing a Database, Miscellaneous Functions
view, Views
views
  updating, What about updating a view?

## W

where, WHERE clause

## Y

yacc, Requirements

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