Guinea

§1. Guinea Introduction

Background:
  Independent from France since 1958, Guinea did not hold democratic
  elections until 1993 when Gen. Lansana CONTE (head of the military
  government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was
  reelected in 1998. Unrest in Sierra Leone has spilled over into Guinea,
  threatening stability and creating a humanitarian emergency.

§2. Guinea Geography

Location:
  Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau
  and Sierra Leone

Geographic coordinates:
  11 00 N, 10 00 W

Map references:
  Africa

Area:
  total: 245,857 kmē
  land: 245,857 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Oregon

Land boundaries:
  total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386
    km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Coastline:
  320 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November)
  with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly
  harmattan winds

Terrain:
  generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Natural resources:
  bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish

Land use:
  arable land: 2%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 22%
  forests and woodland: 59%
  other: 17% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  930 kmē (1993 est.)

Natural hazards:
  hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season

Environment - current issues:
  deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil
  contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
    Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
    Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

§3. Guinea People

Population:
  7,613,870 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 43.12% (male 1,637,000; female 1,645,786)
  15-64 years: 54.19% (male 2,015,199; female 2,110,745)
  65 years and over: 2.69% (male 84,586; female 120,554) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  1.96% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  39.78 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  17.53 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) note: as a result of civil
    war in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to almost half a million
    Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  129.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 45.91 years male: 43.49 years
  female: 48.42 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  5.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  1.54% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  55,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  5,600 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Guinean(s)
  adjective: Guinean

Ethnic groups:
  Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%

Religions:
  Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%

Languages:
  French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 35.9%
  male: 49.9%
  female: 21.9% (1995 est.)

§4. Guinea Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Guinea
  conventional short form: Guinea
  local long form: Republique de Guinee
  local short form: Guinee
  former: French Guinea

Government type:
  republic

Capital:
  Conakry

Administrative divisions:
  33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke,
  Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah,
  Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia,
  Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana,
  Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou

Independence:
  2 October 1958 (from France)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 2 October (1958)

Constitution:
  23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Legal system:
  based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes
  currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since
    5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993)
  head of government: Prime Minister Lamine SIDIME (since 8 March 1999)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
    candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected
    president; election last held 14 December 1998 (next to be held NA
    December 2003); the prime minister is appointed by the president
  election results: Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote -
    Lansana CONTE (PUP) 56.1%, Mamadou Boye BA (UNR-PRP) 24.6%, Alpha CONDE
    (RPG) 16.6%,

Legislative branch:
  unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114
  seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 11 June 1995 (next scheduled for 26 November 2000
    postponed indefinitely due to border fighting with rebels from Sierra
    Leone and Liberia)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 71,
    RPG 19, PRP 9, UNR 9, UPG 2, PDG-AST 1, UNP 1, PDG-RDA 1, other 1

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Party of Guinea or PDG-AST [Marcel CROS]; Democratic Party of
  Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim
  GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UNP [Paul Louis FABER]; Party for
  Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; Party for
  Renewal and Progress or PRP [Siradiou DIALLO]; Rally for the Guinean People
  or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE,
  secretary-general]; Union for the New Republic or UNR [Mamadou Boye BA];
  Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
  IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
  (correspondent), ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD,
  UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Aly THIAM chancery: 2112 Leroy Place
    NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 483-9420
  FAX: [1] (202) 483-8688

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Timberlake FOSTER embassy: Rue Ka 038,
    Conakry
  mailing address: B. P. 603, Conakry
  telephone: [224] 41 15 20, 41 15 21, 41 15 23
  FAX: [224] 41 15 22

Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the
  popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda,
  which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band

§5. Guinea Economy

Economy - overview:
  Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet
  remains a poor underdeveloped nation. The country possesses over 30% of the
  world's bauxite reserves and is the second largest bauxite producer. The
  mining sector accounted for about 75% of exports in 1999. Long-run
  improvements in government fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal
  framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. The
  government made encouraging progress in budget management in 1997-99, and
  reform progress was praised in the World Bank/IMF October 2000 assessment.
  However, escalating fighting along the Sierra Leonean and Liberian borders
  will cause major economic disruptions. In addition to direct defense costs,
  the violence has led to a sharp decline in investor confidence. Foreign
  mining companies have reduced expatriate staff, while panic buying has
  created food shortages and inflation in local markets. Real GDP growth is
  expected to fall to 2% in 2001.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  5% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 22.3% industry: 35.3%
  services: 42.4% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  40% (1994 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 32% (1994)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  6% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  3 million (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $NA
  expenditures: $417.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million
    (2000 est.)

Industries:
  bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and
  agricultural processing industries

Industrial production growth rate:
  3.2% (1994)

Electricity - production:
  750 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 46.67% hydro: 53.33%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  697.5 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas, sweet
  potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber

Exports:
  $820 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products

Exports - partners:
  US, Benelux, Ukraine, Ireland (1999)

Imports:
  $634 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain
  and other foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
  France, Belgium, US, Cote d'Ivoire (1999)

Debt - external:
  $3.6 billion (1999 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $359.2 million (1998)

Currency:
  Guinean franc (GNF)

Currency code:
  GNF

Exchange rates:
  Guinean francs per US dollar - 1,855.0 (October 2000), 1,572.0 (2000),
  1,387.4 (1999), 1,236.8 (1998), 1,095.3 (1997), 1,004.0 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Guinea Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  20,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  2,868 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small
    radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay
    system
  domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication
  international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)

Radios:
  357,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  6 (1997)

Televisions:
  85,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .gn

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  5,000 (2000)

§7. Guinea Transportation

Railways:
  total: 1,086 km
  standard gauge: 279 km 1.435-m gauge
  narrow gauge: 807 km 1.000-m gauge (includes 662 km in common carrier
    service from Kankan to Conakry)

Highways:
  total: 30,500 km
  paved: 5,033 km
  unpaved: 25,467 km (1996)

Waterways:
  1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)

Ports and harbors:
  Boke, Conakry, Kamsar

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  15 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

§8. Guinea Military

Military branches:
  Army, Navy, Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary
  National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National)

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 1,764,912 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 891,166 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $56 million (FY96)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.4% (FY96)

§9. Guinea Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  border incursions by Revolutionary United Front combatants from Sierra
  Leone; civil war in that country has engendered a massive flow of refugees
  to southern Guinea and Liberia
