Cape Verde

§1. Cape Verde Introduction

Background:
  The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in
  the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African
  slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was
  achieved in 1975.

§2. Cape Verde Geography

Location:
  Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of
  Senegal

Geographic coordinates:
  16 00 N, 24 00 W

Map references:
  World

Area:
  total: 4,033 kmē
  land: 4,033 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly larger than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  965 km

Maritime claims:
  measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic

Terrain:
  steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano
    on Fogo Island)

Natural resources:
  salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce
  hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish

Land use:
  arable land: 11%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 6%
  forests and woodland: 0%
  other: 83% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999)

Natural hazards:
  prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and
  seismically active

Environment - current issues:
  overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of
  crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel
  has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has
  threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental
    Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
  strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south
  sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air
  refueling site

§3. Cape Verde People

Population:
  405,163 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895)
  15-64 years: 50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834)
  65 years and over: 6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.92% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 69.21 years male: 65.93 years
  female: 72.6 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Cape Verdean(s)
  adjective: Cape Verdean

Ethnic groups:
  Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%

Religions:
  Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church
  of the Nazarene)

Languages:
  Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 71.6%
  male: 81.4%
  female: 63.8% (1995 est.)

§4. Cape Verde Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde
  conventional short form: Cape Verde
  local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
  local short form: Cabo Verde

Government type:
  republic

Capital:
  Praia

Administrative divisions:
  14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo,
  Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa
  Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new
  administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio,
  Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina,
  Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal)

Independence:
  5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 5 July (1975)

Constitution:
  new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major
  revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the
  president

Legal system:
  derived from the legal system of Portugal

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)
  head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1
    February 1991)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the
    recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the
    National Assembly
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election
    last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006);
    prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the
    president
  election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro
    PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was
    won by only twelve votes

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are
  elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM
    6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Political parties and leaders:
  African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES,
  chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a
  coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD
  [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio
  Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD
  [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr.
  Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM,
  president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio
  MONTEIRO, president]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
  IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),
  ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
  WMO, WTrO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES chancery: 3415
    Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
  telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820
  FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207
  consulate(s) general: Boston

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Michael D. METELITS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo
    81, Praia
  mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia
  telephone: [238] 61 56 16
  FAX: [238] 61 13 55

Flag description:
  three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a
  horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10
  yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe
  and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

§5. Cape Verde Economy

Economy - overview:
  Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base,
  including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term
  drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and
  public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of
  the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in
  1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food
  must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not
  fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by
  foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a
  supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new
  democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector
  and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for
  2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the
  momentum of the government's development program.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  6% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 13% industry: 19%
  services: 68% (1998)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  4% (2000)

Labor force:
  NA

Unemployment rate:
  24% (1999 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $188 million
  expenditures: $228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million
    (1996)

Industries:
  food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship
  repair

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  40 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  37.2 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish

Exports:
  $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides

Exports - partners:
  Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia

Imports:
  $250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels

Imports - partners:
  Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US

Debt - external:
  $260 million (2000)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $111.3 million (1995)

Currency:
  Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)

Currency code:
  CVE

Exchange rates:
  Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877
  (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Cape Verde Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  45,644 (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  19,729 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: effective system, being improved domestic: interisland
    microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work
    is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was
    scheduled for completion in 1998
  international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and
    Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  73,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (1997)

Televisions:
  2,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .cv

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  5,000 (2000)

§7. Cape Verde Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 1,100 km
  paved: 858 km
  unpaved: 242 km (1996)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal

Merchant marine:
  total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT
  ships by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  8 (2000)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2000)

§8. Cape Verde Military

Military branches:
  Army, Coast Guard/Marines

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 89,543 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 50,615 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $4 million (FY96)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.8% (FY96)

§9. Cape Verde Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America
  and Africa destined for Western Europe
