Guyana

§1. Guyana Introduction

Background:
  Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in
  1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a
  dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more
  open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven
  encouraging.

§2. Guyana Geography

Location:
  Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between
  Suriname and Venezuela

Geographic coordinates:
  5 00 N, 59 00 W

Map references:
  South America

Area:
  total: 214,970 kmē
  land: 196,850 kmē
  water: 18,120 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Idaho

Land boundaries:
  total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km,
    Venezuela 743 km

Coastline:
  459 km

Maritime claims:
  continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons
  (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)

Terrain:
  mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m

Natural resources:
  bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

Land use:
  arable land: 2%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 6%
  forests and woodland: 84%
  other: 8% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  1,300 kmē (1993 est.)

Natural hazards:
  flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons

Environment - current issues:
  water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals;
  deforestation

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
    Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
    Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

§3. Guyana People

Population:
  697,181
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects
    of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
    expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and
    growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and
    sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 28.19% (male 100,194; female 96,309)
  15-64 years: 66.89% (male 234,976; female 231,360)
  65 years and over: 4.92% (male 15,324; female 19,018) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.07% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  17.92 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  38.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 63.31 years male: 60.52 years
  female: 66.24 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  3.01% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  15,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  900 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Guyanese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Guyanese

Ethnic groups:
  East Indian 49%, black 32%, mixed 12%, Amerindian 6%, white and Chinese 1%

Religions:
  Christian 50%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 8%

Languages:
  English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
  total population: 98.1%
  male: 98.6%
  female: 97.5% (1995 est.)

§4. Guyana Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana
  conventional short form: Guyana
  former: British Guiana

Government type:
  republic within the Commonwealth

Capital:
  Georgetown

Administrative divisions:
  10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East
  Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice,
  Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper
  Takutu-Upper Essequibo

Independence:
  26 May 1966 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Republic Day, 23 February (1970)

Constitution:
  6 October 1980

Legal system:
  based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has
  not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note -
    assumed presidency after resignation of President JAGAN
  head of government: Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since NA December 1997)
  cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to
    the legislature
  elections: president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly
    following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five
    years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA); prime
    minister appointed by the president
  election results: President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of
    legislative vote - NA%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by popular vote, 10
  elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils, and 2 elected by the
  National Congress of Local Democratic Organs; members serve five-year
  terms)
  elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C
    34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court

Political parties and leaders:
  Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working
  People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP
  [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National
  Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE]; People's Progressive Party or PPP
  [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United
  Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert
  ROOPARNINE]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian
    Organizations or GCIO; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV];
    Trades Union Congress or TUC note: the GCIO and the CLAC are small and
    active but not well organized

International organization participation:
  ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
  IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user),
  Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW,
  PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL chancery: 2490 Tracy
    Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 265-6900
  consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald D. GODARD embassy: 100 Young and Duke
    Streets, Kingston, Georgetown
  mailing address: P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown
  telephone: [592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969
  FAX: [592] (2) 58497

Flag description:
  green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed
  on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the
  red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green

§5. Guyana Economy

Economy - overview:
  Severe drought and political turmoil contributed to Guyana's negative
  growth of -1.8% for 1998 following six straight years of growth of 5% or
  better. Growth came back to a positive 1.8% in 1999 and 3% in 2000.
  Underlying growth factors have included expansion in the key agricultural
  and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a
  more realistic exchange rate, a moderate inflation rate, and continued
  support by international organizations. President JAGDEO, the former
  finance minister, is taking steps to reform the economy, including drafting
  an investment code and restructuring the inefficient and unresponsive
  public sector. Problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient
  infrastructure. The government must persist in efforts to manage its
  sizable external debt and attract new investment.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  3% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 34.7% industry: 32.5%
  services: 32.8% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  5.9% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  245,492 (1992)

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Unemployment rate:
  12% (1992 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $220.1 million
  expenditures: $286.4 million, including capital expenditures of $86.6
    million (1998)

Industries:
  bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold
  mining

Industrial production growth rate:
  7.1% (1997 est.)

Electricity - production:
  455 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 98.9% hydro: 1.1%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  423.2 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products;
  forest and fishery potential not exploited

Exports:
  $570 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber

Exports - partners:
  US 22%, Canada 22%, UK 18%, Netherlands Antilles 11%, Jamaica (1999)

Imports:
  $660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food

Imports - partners:
  US 29%, Trinidad and Tobago 18%, Netherlands Antilles 16%, UK 7%, Japan
  (1999)

Debt - external:
  $1.1 billion (2000)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253
  million (1997)

Currency:
  Guyanese dollar (GYD)

Currency code:
  GYD

Exchange rates:
  Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 184.1 (November 2000), 182.2 (2000), 178.0
  (1999), 150.5 (1998), 142.4 (1997), 140.4 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Guyana Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  70,000 (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  6,100 (2000)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: fair system for long-distance calling
  domestic: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines
  international: tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station -
    1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)

Radios:
  420,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite
  services) (1997)

Televisions:
  46,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .gy

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  3 (2000)

Internet users:
  3,000 (2000)

§7. Guyana Transportation

Railways:
  total: 187 km (all dedicated to ore transport)
  standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge
  narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge

Highways:
  total: 7,970 km
  paved: 590 km
  unpaved: 7,380 km (1996)

Waterways:
  5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)
  note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing
    vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively

Ports and harbors:
  Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika

Merchant marine:
  total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT
  ships by type: cargo 2 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  51 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
  914 to 1,523 m: 1
  under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 8
  under 914 m: 36 (2000 est.)

§8. Guyana Military

Military branches:
  Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air
  Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS),
  Guyana Police Force

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 204,938 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 154,259 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $7 million (FY94)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.7% (FY94)

§9. Guyana Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed by Venezuela;
  Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari
  [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne)

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela
  - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis
