Turks and Caicos Islands (overseas territory of the UK)

§1. Turks and Caicos Islands Introduction

Background:
  The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they
  assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence.
  The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With
  Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973.
  Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and
  the islands are presently a British overseas territory.

§2. Turks and Caicos Islands Geography

Location:
  Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The
  Bahamas

Geographic coordinates:
  21 45 N, 71 35 W

Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean

Area:
  total: 430 kmē
  land: 430 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  389 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry

Terrain:
  low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m

Natural resources:
  spiny lobster, conch

Land use:
  arable land: 2%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 0%
  other: 98% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  frequent hurricanes

Environment - current issues:
  limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater

Geography - note:
  30 islands (eight inhabited)

§3. Turks and Caicos Islands People

Population:
  18,122 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 32.58% (male 2,996; female 2,908)
  15-64 years: 63.51% (male 6,050; female 5,459)
  65 years and over: 3.91% (male 316; female 393) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  3.41% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  13.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  18.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 73.52 years male: 71.37 years
  female: 75.77 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  3.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: none
  adjective: none

Ethnic groups:
  black

Religions:
  Baptist 41.2%, Methodist 18.9%, Anglican 18.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.7%,
  other 19.9% (1980)

Languages:
  English (official)

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
  total population: 98%
  male: 99%
  female: 98% (1970 est.)

§4. Turks and Caicos Islands Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands

Dependency status:
  overseas territory of the UK

Government type:
  NA

Capital:
  Cockburn Town (on Grand Turk)

Administrative divisions:
  none (overseas territory of the UK)

Independence:
  none (overseas territory of the UK)

National holiday:
  Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)

Constitution:
  introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March
  1988

Legal system:
  based on laws of England and Wales, with a small number adopted from
  Jamaica and The Bahamas

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by
    Governor Mervyn JONES (since 27 January 2000)
  head of government: Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995)
  cabinet: Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five
    appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative
    Council
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the
    monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats, of which 13 are popularly
  elected; members serve four-year terms)
  elections: last held 4 March 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 52.2%, PNP 40.9%,
    independent 6.9%; seats by party - PDM 9, PNP 4

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders:
  People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National
  Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal
  SWANN]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (overseas territory of the UK)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (overseas territory of the UK)

Flag description:
  blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the
  colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is
  yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus

§5. Turks and Caicos Islands Economy

Economy - overview:
  The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore
  financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption
  are imported. The US was the leading source of tourists in 1996, accounting
  for more than half of the 87,000 visitors; tourist arrivals had risen to
  93,000 by 1998. Major sources of government revenue include fees from
  offshore financial activities and customs receipts.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $128 million (1999 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  8.7% (1999 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $7,300 (1999 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA% industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  4% (1995)

Labor force:
  4,848 (1990 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant
  numbers in tourism, financial, and other services (1997 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  10% (1997 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $47 million
  expenditures: $33.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
    (1997-1998 est.)

Industries:
  tourism, offshore financial services

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  5 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  4.6 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish

Exports:
  $4.7 million (1993)

Exports - commodities:
  lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells

Exports - partners:
  US, UK

Imports:
  $46.6 million (1993)

Imports - commodities:
  food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials

Imports - partners:
  US, UK

Debt - external:
  $NA

Economic aid - recipient:
  $4.1 million (1997)

Currency:
  US dollar (USD)

Currency code:
  USD

Exchange rates:
  the US dollar is used

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Turks and Caicos Islands Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  3,000 (1994)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  0 (1994)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: fair cable and radiotelephone services
  domestic: NA
  international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
    (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  8,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is
  established) (1997)

Televisions:
  NA

Internet country code:
  .tc

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  14 (2000)

Internet users:
  NA

§7. Turks and Caicos Islands Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 121 km
  paved: 24 km
  unpaved: 97 km (2000)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Grand Turk, Providenciales

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  8 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2
  under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

§8. Turks and Caicos Islands Military

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of the UK

§9. Turks and Caicos Islands Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and
  Europe
