Malta

§1. Malta Introduction

Background:
  Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island
  staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars and remained in the
  Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta
  became a republic. Over the last 15 years, the island has become a major
  freight transshipment point, financial center, and tourist destination. It
  is an official candidate for EU membership.

§2. Malta Geography

Location:
  Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)

Geographic coordinates:
  35 50 N, 14 35 E

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 316 kmē
  land: 316 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Maritime claims:
  contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of
    exploitation
  exclusive fishing zone: 25 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain:
  mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near
    Dingli)

Natural resources:
  limestone, salt, arable land

Land use:
  arable land: 32%
  permanent crops: 3%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 4%
  other: 61% (2000 est.)

Irrigated land:
  11.45 kmē (2000 est.)

Natural hazards:
  NA

Environment - current issues:
  very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on
  desalination

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
    Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
    Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note:
  the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands
  (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous
  bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial
  exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly
  for oil exploration

§3. Malta People

Population:
  394,583 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 19.98% (male 40,791; female 38,062)
  15-64 years: 67.49% (male 133,914; female 132,402)
  65 years and over: 12.53% (male 20,643; female 28,771) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.74% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  12.75 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 78.1 years male: 75.64 years
  female: 80.79 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.92 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.52% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  less than 100 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Maltese

Ethnic groups:
  Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with strong
  elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 91%

Languages:
  Maltese (official), English (official)

Literacy:
  definition: age 10 and over can read and write
  total population: 88.76%
  male: 86.91%
  female: 89.55% (1995 census)

§4. Malta Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Malta
  conventional short form: Malta
  local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta
  local short form: Malta

Government type:
  republic

Capital:
  Valletta

Administrative divisions:
  none (administered directly from Valletta)

Independence:
  21 September 1964 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 21 September (1964)

Constitution:
  1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974

Legal system:
  based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ
  jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Guido DE MARCO (since 4 April 1999)
  head of government: Prime Minister Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 6 September
    1998); Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence GONZE (since 4 April 1999)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime
    minister
  elections: president elected by the House of Representatives for a
    five-year term; election last held NA April 1999 (next to be held by NA
    April 2004); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
    party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
    minister by the president for a five-year term; the deputy prime minister
    is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
  election results: Guido DE MARCO elected president; percent of House of
    Representatives vote - 54%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note - additional
  seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a
  legislative majority; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of
  proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 5 September 1998 (next to be held by September 2003)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.8%, MLP 46.9%, AD 1.2%;
    seats by party - PN 35, MLP 30

Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed
  by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Political parties and leaders:
  Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO];
  Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Edward
  FENECH ADAMI]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
  ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
  (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,
  WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador George SALIBA chancery: 2017 Connecticut
    Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 462-3611, 3612
  FAX: [1] (202) 387-5470
  consulate(s): New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador George SALIBA embassy: 3rd Floor, Development
    House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta VLT 01
  mailing address: P. O. Box 535, Valletta, Malta, CMR 01
  telephone: [356] 235960 through 235965
  FAX: [356] 243229

Flag description:
  two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper
  hoist-side corner is a representation of the Saint George Cross, edged in
  red

§5. Malta Economy

Economy - overview:
  Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a
  productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs,
  has limited freshwater supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. The
  economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing (especially
  electronics and textiles), and tourism. Malta is privatizing
  state-controlled firms and liberalizing markets in order to prepare for
  membership in the European Union. However, the island is divided
  politically over the question of joining the EU. The sizable budget deficit
  remains a key concern.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $5.6 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  3.4% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $14,300 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 2.8% industry: 25.5%
  services: 71.7% (1999)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.5% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  145,901 (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:
  industry 24%, services 71%, agriculture 5% (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  4.5% (3rd Quarter 2000)

Budget:
  revenues: $1.6 billion
  expenditures: $1.73 billion, including capital expenditures of $265.4
    million (1999)

Industries:
  tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and
  beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  1.65 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.534 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut
  flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs

Exports:
  $2 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, manufactures

Exports - partners:
  US 21.4%, France 15.2%, Germany 12.6%, UK 9.3%, Italy 4.9% (1999)

Imports:
  $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Imports - commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured
  goods; food, drink, and tobacco

Imports - partners:
  France 19.1%, Italy 16.7%, UK 10.9%, Germany 10.0%, US 8.5% (1999)

Debt - external:
  $130 million (1997)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA

Currency:
  Maltese lira (MTL)

Currency code:
  MTL

Exchange rates:
  Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.4370 (January 2001), 0.4376 (2000), 0.3994
  (1999), 0.3885 (1998), 0.3857 (1997), 0.3604 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March

§6. Malta Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  187,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  17,691 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: automatic system satisfies normal requirements
  domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands
  international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
    (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 18, shortwave 6 (1999)

Radios:
  255,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  6 (2000)

Televisions:
  280,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .mt

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  2 (2000)

Internet users:
  40,000 (2000)

§7. Malta Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 1,742 km
  paved: 1,677 km
  unpaved: 65 km (1997)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Marsaxlokk, Valletta

Merchant marine:
  total: 1,414 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,191,090 GRT/46,773,603
    DWT
  ships by type: bulk 443, cargo 394, chemical tanker 48, combination bulk
    12, combination ore/oil 14, container 69, liquefied gas 2, livestock
    carrier 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 2, passenger 7,
    passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 296, refrigerated cargo 37, roll
    on/roll off 50, short-sea passenger 15, specialized tanker 3, vehicle
    carrier 18
  note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of
    convenience: Argentina 1, Bermuda 1, Belgium 1, Bangladesh 2, Bulgaria
    11, China 7, Costa Rica 1, Cuba 2, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Estonia 2,
    Finland 1, Germany 23, Greece 258, Hong Kong 3, Croatia 9, Hungary 1,
    India 2, Israel 2, Italy 17, South Korea 1, Lebanon 2, Latvia 2,
    Lithuania 1, Monaco 14, Nigeria 1, Netherlands 10, Norway 31, Poland 8,
    Romania 3, Russia 39, Singapore 6, Spain 3, Sweden 3, Syria 1,
    Switzerland 25, UAE 2, Turkey 24, UK 8, Ukraine 9, US 9, Venezuela 1,
    Vietnam 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.)

§8. Malta Military

Military branches:
  Armed Forces (including land forces, an air squadron, a maritime squadron,
  and the Revenue Security Corps), Maltese Police Force

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 98,953 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 78,783 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $201 million (FY98)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  5.5% (FY98)

§9. Malta Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe
