Seychelles

§1. Seychelles Introduction

Background:
  A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended
  in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976.
  Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free
  elections in 1993.

§2. Seychelles Geography

Location:
  Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of
  Madagascar

Geographic coordinates:
  4 35 S, 55 40 E

Map references:
  Africa

Area:
  total: 455 kmē
  land: 455 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  491 km

Maritime claims:
  contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the
    continental margin
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to
  September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Terrain:
  Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are
  coral, flat, elevated reefs

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m

Natural resources:
  fish, copra, cinnamon trees

Land use:
  arable land: 2%
  permanent crops: 13%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 11%
  other: 74% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts
  possible

Environment - current issues:
  water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
    Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
    Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
  signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note:
  40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands

§3. Seychelles People

Population:
  79,715 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 28.27% (male 11,367; female 11,167)
  15-64 years: 65.47% (male 25,453; female 26,737)
  65 years and over: 6.26% (male 1,673; female 3,318) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.49% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  17.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  17.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 70.69 years male: 65.17 years
  female: 76.37 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
  adjective: Seychelles

Ethnic groups:
  Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%

Languages:
  English (official), French (official), Creole

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 58%
  male: 56%
  female: 60% (1971 est.)

§4. Seychelles Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles
  conventional short form: Seychelles

Government type:
  republic

Capital:
  Victoria

Administrative divisions:
  23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse
  Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air,
  Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on
  Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri,
  Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka

Independence:
  29 June 1976 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Constitution Day, 18 June (1993)

Constitution:
  18 June 1993

Legal system:
  based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law

Suffrage:
  17 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note -
    the president is both the chief of state and head of government
  head of government: President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); note
    - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election
    last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)
  election results: France Albert RENE reelected president; percent of vote -
    France Albert RENE (SPPF) 66.7%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 19.5%, Sir James
    MANCHAM (DP) 13.8%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected
  by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at
  least ten percent of the vote; members serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)
  election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 61.7%, UO 26.1%, DP
    12.1%; seats by party - SPPF 30, UO 3, DP 1
  note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each
    party in the total vote

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the
  president

Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM]; Seychelles National Party or SNP
  (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles
  People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE] - the governing
  party

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Roman Catholic Church; trade unions

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD,
  IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol,
  IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
  WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL chancery: 800 Second
    Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017
  telephone: [1] (212) 972-1785
  FAX: [1] (212) 972-1786

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius
  is accredited to Seychelles

Flag description:
  five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green
  (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side

§5. Seychelles Economy

Economy - overview:
  Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean
  archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence
  level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30%
  of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings,
  and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign
  investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time,
  the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting
  the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The
  vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in
  1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded,
  the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in
  the face of stiff international competition. Other issues facing the
  government are the curbing of the budget deficit and further privatization
  of public enterprises. Growth slowed in 1998-2000, due to sluggish tourist
  and tuna sectors. Tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of
  foreign exchange have hindered short-term economic prospects. The black
  market value of the Seychelles ruppee is half the official exchange rate;
  without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector should remain
  sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros,
  Mauritius, and Madagascar.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $610 million (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  1.5% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $7,700 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 3.1% industry: 26.3%
  services: 70.6% (1999)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  6% (1999 est.)

Labor force:
  30,900 (1996)

Labor force - by occupation:
  industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989)

Unemployment rate:
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $249 million
  expenditures: $262 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998
    est.)

Industries:
  fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber)
  rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  160 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  148.8 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas;
  broiler chickens; tuna fish

Exports:
  $111 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities:
  fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)

Exports - partners:
  France, UK, Netherlands, Italy, China, Germany, Japan

Imports:
  $440 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Imports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Imports - partners:
  South Africa, UK, China, Singapore, France, Italy

Debt - external:
  $240 million (1999 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $16.4 million (1995)

Currency:
  Seychelles rupee (SCR)

Currency code:
  SCR

Exchange rates:
  Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 6.0397 (November 2000), 5.6009 (2000),
  5,3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997), 4.9700 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Seychelles Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  19,635 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  16,316 (1999)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: effective system domestic: radiotelephone
    communications between islands in the archipelago
  international: direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island
    countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1
    Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:
  42,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)

Televisions:
  11,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .sc

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  5,000 (2000)

§7. Seychelles Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 373 km
  paved: 315 km
  unpaved: 58 km (1997)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Victoria

Merchant marine:
  total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,353 GRT/7,638 DWT
  ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  14 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 4
  under 914 m: 4 (2000 est.)

§8. Seychelles Military

Military branches:
  Army, Coast Guard, air wing, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit,
  Police Force

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 22,951 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 11,452 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $13 million (FY93)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  2.8% (FY93)

§9. Seychelles Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean
  Territory)
