Monaco

§1. Monaco Introduction

Background:
  Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad
  linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the
  principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have
  made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

§2. Monaco Geography

Location:
  Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of
  France, near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates:
  43 44 N, 7 24 E

Map references:
  Europe

Area:
  total: 1.95 kmē
  land: 1.95 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km

Coastline:
  4.1 km

Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain:
  hilly, rugged, rocky

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources:
  none

Land use:
  arable land: 0%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 0%
  other: 100% (urban area)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  NA

Environment - current issues:
  NA

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
    Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
    Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note:
  second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost
  entirely urban

§3. Monaco People

Population:
  31,842 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375)
  15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083)
  65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.46% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 78.98 years male: 75.04 years
  female: 83.12 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
  adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Ethnic groups:
  French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%

Religions:
  Roman Catholic 90%

Languages:
  French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Literacy:
  definition: NA
  total population: 99%
  male: NA%
  female: NA%

§4. Monaco Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
  conventional short form: Monaco
  local long form: Principaute de Monaco
  local short form: Monaco

Government type:
  constitutional monarchy

Capital:
  Monaco

Administrative divisions:
  none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the
  US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular -
  quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo

Independence:
  1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

National holiday:
  National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November

Constitution:
  17 December 1962

Legal system:
  based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince
    ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
  head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January
    2000)
  cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by
    the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by
    the French Government

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are
  elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January
    2003)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the
  basis of nominations by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders:
  National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the
  Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family
  [leader NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol,
  IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in
  Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco

Flag description:
  two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of
  Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and
  red

§5. Monaco Economy

Economy - overview:
  Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort,
  attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality
  has successfully sought to diversify into services and small,
  high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and
  low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have
  established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses
  and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including
  tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards
  are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan
  areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below
  are extremely rough.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  NA%

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA% industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  NA%

Labor force:
  30,540 (January 1994)

Unemployment rate:
  3.1% (1998)

Budget:
  revenues: $518 million
  expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)

Industries:
  tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - consumption:
  NA kWh

Electricity - imports:
  NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  none

Exports:
  $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
  Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
  customs union with France

Imports:
  $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
  Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
  customs union with France

Debt - external:
  $NA

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA

Currency:
  French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)

Currency code:
  FRF; EUR

Exchange rates:
  euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Monaco Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  31,027 (1995)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  NA

Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA
  international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the
    French communications system

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)

Radios:
  34,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  5 (1998)

Televisions:
  25,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .mc

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  2 (2000)

Internet users:
  NA

§7. Monaco Transportation

Railways:
  total: 1.7 km
  standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge

Highways:
  total: 50 km
  paved: 50 km
  unpaved: 0 km (2001)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Monaco

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service

Heliports:
  1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and
  Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille)

§8. Monaco Military

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France

§9. Monaco Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none
