Niue (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)

§1. Niue Introduction

Background:
  Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between
  its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have
  caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island
  continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to 2,100 in 2000) with
  substantial emigration to New Zealand.

§2. Niue Geography

Location:
  Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga

Geographic coordinates:
  19 02 S, 169 52 W

Map references:
  Oceania

Area:
  total: 260 kmē
  land: 260 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  64 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Terrain:
  steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near
    Mutalau settlement 68 m

Natural resources:
  fish, arable land

Land use:
  arable land: 19%
  permanent crops: 8%
  permanent pastures: 4%
  forests and woodland: 19%
  other: 50% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  typhoons

Environment - current issues:
  increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil
  fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
    Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geography - note:
  one of world's largest coral islands

§3. Niue People

Population:
  2,124 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: NA%
  15-64 years: NA%
  65 years and over: NA%

Population growth rate:
  0.5% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  NA births/1,000 population

Death rate:
  NA deaths/1,000 population

Net migration rate:
  NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Infant mortality rate:
  NA deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: NA years male: NA years
  female: NA years

Total fertility rate:
  NA children born/woman

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Niuean(s)
  adjective: Niuean

Ethnic groups:
  Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)

Religions:
  Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the
  London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly
  Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)

Languages:
  Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English

Literacy:
  definition: NA
  total population: 95%
  male: NA%
  female: NA%

§4. Niue Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Niue
  former: Savage Island

Dependency status:
  self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible
  for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external
  affairs

Government type:
  self-governing parliamentary democracy

Capital:
  Alofi

Administrative divisions:
  none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined
  by the US Government, but there are 14 villages each with its own village
  council whose members are elected and serve three-year terms

Independence:
  on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government
  in free association with New Zealand

National holiday:
  Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New
  Zealand), 6 February (1840)

Constitution:
  19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Legal system:
  English common law

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New
    Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN
    (since NA May 2000)
  head of government: Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999)
  cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers
  elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative
    Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19 March 1999 (next to
    be held NA March 2002)
  election results: Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of Legislative
    Assembly vote - NA%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote
  to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are
  village representatives)
  elections: last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9,
    independents 11

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Political parties and leaders:
  Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Sparteca, SPC,
  SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)

Flag description:
  yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag
  of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk
  in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross

§5. Niue Economy

Economy - overview:
  Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is
  made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay
  wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing
  the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly
  of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export.
  Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit,
  lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign
  collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years
  has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans
  to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism
  and a financial services industry.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $4.5 million (1997 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  NA%

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $2,800 (1997 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA% industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1% (1995)

Labor force:
  450 (1992 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government
  service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

Unemployment rate:
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $NA
  expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Industries:
  tourism, handicrafts, food processing

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  3 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  2.8 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet
  potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle

Exports:
  $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989)

Exports - commodities:
  canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root
  crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts

Exports - partners:
  NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia

Imports:
  $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989)

Imports - commodities:
  food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants,
  chemicals, drugs

Imports - partners:
  NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US

Debt - external:
  $NA

Economic aid - recipient:
  $8.3 million (1995)

Currency:
  New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Currency code:
  NZD

Exchange rates:
  New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000),
  1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March

§6. Niue Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  376 (1991)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  0 (1991)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: primitive system domestic: single-line telephone system
    connects all villages on island
  international: NA

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  1,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (1997)

Televisions:
  NA

Internet country code:
  .nu

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  NA

§7. Niue Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 234 km
  paved: 86 km
  unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  none; offshore anchorage only

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.)

§8. Niue Military

Military branches:
  Police Force

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

§9. Niue Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none
