Senegal

§1. Senegal Introduction

Background:
  Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the
  nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged
  integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was
  dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group
  sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a
  long history of participating in international peacekeeping.

§2. Senegal Geography

Location:
  Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau
  and Mauritania

Geographic coordinates:
  14 00 N, 14 00 W

Map references:
  Africa

Area:
  total: 196,190 kmē
  land: 192,000 kmē
  water: 4,190 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than South Dakota

Land boundaries:
  total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km,
    Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Coastline:
  531 km

Maritime claims:
  contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the
    continental margin
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast
  winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Terrain:
  generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen
    Diakha 581 m

Natural resources:
  fish, phosphates, iron ore

Land use:
  arable land: 12%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 16%
  forests and woodland: 54%
  other: 18% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  710 kmē (1993 est.)

Natural hazards:
  lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Environment - current issues:
  wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing;
  soil erosion; desertification; overfishing

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
    Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
    Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
    Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping

Geography - note:
  The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal

§3. Senegal People

Population:
  10,284,929 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 44.07% (male 2,279,996; female 2,252,255)
  15-64 years: 52.88% (male 2,603,829; female 2,834,328)
  65 years and over: 3.05% (male 155,877; female 158,644) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  2.93% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  37.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  8.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  56.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 62.56 years male: 60.94 years
  female: 64.22 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  1.77% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  79,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  7,800 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Senegalese

Ethnic groups:
  Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke
  1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%

Religions:
  Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic)

Languages:
  French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 33.1%
  male: 43%
  female: 23.2% (1995 est.)

§4. Senegal Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
  conventional short form: Senegal
  local long form: Republique du Senegal
  local short form: Senegal

Government type:
  republic under multiparty democratic rule

Capital:
  Dakar

Administrative divisions:
  10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack,
  Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor

Independence:
  4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon
  dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

Constitution:
  3 March 1963, revised 1991

Legal system:
  based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in
  Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's
  accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)
  head of government: Prime Minister Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in
    consultation with the president
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
    election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27
    February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the
    second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS)
    41.51%

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are
  elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had
    140 seats
  elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI
    Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10

Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de
  Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992

Political parties and leaders:
  African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as
  PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence
  [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE];
  Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr.
  Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr.
  Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh
  Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS];
  Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic
  Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye
  WADE]; Senegalese Democratic Party-Renewal or PDS-R [Serigne Lamine DIOP,
  secretary general]; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal or UDS-R [Mamadou
  Puritain FALL]; Socialist Party or PS [President Abdou DIOUF]; SOPI
  Coalition (a 40-party coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for
  Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers

International organization participation:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
  ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat,
  Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC,
  OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU,
  WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK chancery: 2112 Wyoming
    Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS embassy: Avenue Jean
    XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar
  mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar
  telephone: [221] 823-4296, 823-7384
  FAX: [221] 822-2991

Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a
  small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular
  pan-African colors of Ethiopia

§5. Senegal Economy

Economy - overview:
  In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform
  program with the support of the international donor community. This reform
  began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is
  linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and
  subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract
  by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform
  program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually in 1995-99. Annual
  inflation has been pushed down to 2%, and the fiscal deficit has been cut
  to less than 1.5% of GDP. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in
  1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and
  Monetary Union (UEMOA), Senegal is working toward greater regional
  integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full
  Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information
  technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On
  the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic
  unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction. Real GDP growth is
  expected to rise above 6%, while inflation is likely to hold at 2% in
  2001-02.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $16 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  5.7% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 19% industry: 20%
  services: 61% (1997 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 1.4% highest 10%: 42.8% (1991)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.5% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  NA

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture 60%

Unemployment rate:
  NA%; urban youth 40%

Budget:
  revenues: $885 million
  expenditures: $885 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million
    (1996 est.)

Industries:
  agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production,
  petroleum refining, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate:
  7% (1998 est.)

Electricity - production:
  1.27 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.181 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables;
  cattle, poultry, pigs; fish

Exports:
  $959 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Exports - commodities:
  fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton

Exports - partners:
  France 17%, India 17%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Mali 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4%
  (1999)

Imports:
  $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Imports - commodities:
  foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products

Imports - partners:
  France 30%, Nigeria 7%, Italy 6%, Thailand 5%, Germany 4%, US 4% (1999)

Debt - external:
  $4.1 billion (1998 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $647.5 million (1995)

Currency:
  Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority
  is the Central Bank of the West African States

Currency code:
  XOF

Exchange rates:
  Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21
  (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997),
  511.55 (1966); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at
  a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Senegal Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  116,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  1,149 (1996)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: good system domestic: above-average urban system;
    microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk
    system
  international: 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
    (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  1.24 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (1997)

Televisions:
  361,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .sn

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  30,000 (2000)

§7. Senegal Transportation

Railways:
  total: 906 km
  narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)

Highways:
  total: 14,576 km
  paved: 4,271 km
  unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)

Waterways:
  897 km
  note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river

Ports and harbors:
  Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor

Airports:
  20 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 10 over 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
  914 to 1,523 m: 4
  under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

§8. Senegal Military

Military branches:
  Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete
  Nationale)

Military manpower - military age:
  18 years of age

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 2,311,063 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 1,207,360 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
  males: 114,189 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $68 million (FY97)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  1.4% (FY97)

§9. Senegal Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to
  Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
