French Guiana (overseas department of France)

§1. French Guiana Introduction

Background:
  First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of
  notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches
  its communication satellites from Kourou.

§2. French Guiana Geography

Location:
  Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil
  and Suriname

Geographic coordinates:
  4 00 N, 53 00 W

Map references:
  South America

Area:
  total: 91,000 kmē
  land: 89,150 kmē
  water: 1,850 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Indiana

Land boundaries:
  total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km

Coastline:
  378 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain:
  low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m

Natural resources:
  bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish

Land use:
  arable land: 0%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 90%
  other: 10% (1996 est.)

Irrigated land:
  20 kmē (1993 est.)

Natural hazards:
  high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding

Environment - current issues:
  NA

Geography - note:
  mostly an unsettled wilderness

§3. French Guiana People

Population:
  177,562 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 30.47% (male 27,669; female 26,428)
  15-64 years: 64.05% (male 61,457; female 52,266)
  65 years and over: 5.48% (male 4,937; female 4,805) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  2.74% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  22.02 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  4.77 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 76.3 years male: 72.97 years
  female: 79.79 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: French Guianese (singular and plural)
  adjective: French Guianese

Ethnic groups:
  black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%,
  other 10%

Religions:
  Roman Catholic

Languages:
  French

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 83%
  male: 84%
  female: 82% (1982 est.)

§4. French Guiana Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Department of Guiana
  conventional short form: French Guiana
  local long form: none
  local short form: Guyane

Dependency status:
  overseas department of France

Government type:
  NA

Capital:
  Cayenne

Administrative divisions:
  none (overseas department of France)

Independence:
  none (overseas department of France)

National holiday:
  Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Constitution:
  28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Legal system:
  French legal system

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995),
    represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since NA January 1997)
  head of government: President of the General Council Andre LECANTE (since
    NA March 1998); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22
    March 1992)
  cabinet: NA
  elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
    prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French
    Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are
    appointed by the members of those councils

Legislative branch:
  unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are
  elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional
  Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote
  to serve six-year terms)
  elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA
    2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA
    2004)
  election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
    by party - NA; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%,
    various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari
    Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6,
    independents 3, Walwari Committee 2
  note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next
    to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA;
    seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly
    on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of
    vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, PSG 1

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique
  with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)

Political parties and leaders:
  Guianese Socialist Party or PSG [Antoine KARAM]; Guyana Democratic Forces
  or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE];
  Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE] (may be a subset of PSG); Walwari
  Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  FZ, WCL, WFTU

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (overseas department of France)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (overseas department of France)

Flag description:
  the flag of France is used

§5. French Guiana Economy

Economy - overview:
  The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and
  imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry
  are the most important economic activities. The large reserves of tropical
  hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry which
  provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the
  coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc
  are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food
  and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger
  workers.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1998 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  NA%

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $6,000 (1998 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA% industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.5% (1992)

Labor force:
  58,800 (1997)

Labor force - by occupation:
  services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2%
  (1980)

Unemployment rate:
  21.4% (1998)

Budget:
  revenues: $225 million
  expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million
    (1996)

Industries:
  construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  440 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  409.2 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs,
  poultry

Exports:
  $155 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Exports - commodities:
  shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing

Exports - partners:
  France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (1997)

Imports:
  $625 million (c.i.f., 1997)

Imports - commodities:
  food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and
  chemicals

Imports - partners:
  France 52%, US 14%, Trinidad and Tobago 6% (1997)

Debt - external:
  $1.2 billion (1988)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $NA

Currency:
  French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)

Currency code:
  FRF; EUR

Exchange rates:
  Euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. French Guiana Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  47,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  NA

Telephone system:
  general assessment: NA domestic: fair open wire and microwave radio relay
    system
  international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters)
  (1998)

Radios:
  104,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)

Televisions:
  30,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .gf

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  2 (2000)

Internet users:
  2,000 (2000)

§7. French Guiana Transportation

Railways:
  0 km (1995)

Highways:
  total: 1,817 km
  paved: 817 km
  unpaved: 1,000 km (1998)

Waterways:
  3,300 km navigable by native craft
  note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river
    steamers

Ports and harbors:
  Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  11 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 2
  under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2
  under 914 m: 5 (2000 est.)

§8. French Guiana Military

Military branches:
  French Forces, Gendarmerie

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 49,495 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 32,052 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $NA

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA%

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of France

§9. French Guiana Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both
  headwaters of the Lawa)

Illicit drugs:
  small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment
  point to Europe
