Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)

§1. Tokelau Introduction

Background:
  Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups,
  the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were
  transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. According to a UN
  report, these low-lying islands will disappear in the 21st century, if
  global warming continues to raise sea levels.

§2. Tokelau Geography

Location:
  Oceania, group of three islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half
  of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

Geographic coordinates:
  9 00 S, 172 00 W

Map references:
  Oceania

Area:
  total: 10 kmē
  land: 10 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  101 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)

Terrain:
  low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m

Natural resources:
  NEGL

Land use:
  arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 0%
  other: 100% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  lies in Pacific typhoon belt

Environment - current issues:
  very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to
  emigration to New Zealand

§3. Tokelau People

Population:
  1,445 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: NA%
  15-64 years: NA%
  65 years and over: NA%

Population growth rate:
  -0.92% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  NA births/1,000 population

Death rate:
  NA deaths/1,000 population

Net migration rate:
  NA migrant(s)/1,000 population

Infant mortality rate:
  NA deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: NA years male: NA years
  female: NA years

Total fertility rate:
  NA children born/woman

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Tokelauan(s)
  adjective: Tokelauan

Ethnic groups:
  Polynesian

Religions:
  Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
  note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu,
    all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the
    Congregational Christian Church predominant

Languages:
  Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

§4. Tokelau Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Tokelau

Dependency status:
  territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution,
  developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves
  toward free association with Wellington

Government type:
  NA

Capital:
  none; each atoll has its own administrative center

Administrative divisions:
  none (territory of New Zealand)

Independence:
  none (territory of New Zealand)

National holiday:
  Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New
  Zealand), 6 February (1840)

Constitution:
  administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970

Legal system:
  British and local statutes

Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New
    Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March
    1993)
  head of government: Aliki Faipule FALIMATEAO (since NA 1997)
  cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders, one
    from each atoll; functions as a cabinet
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the
    Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of
    government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year
    term

Legislative branch:
  unicameral General Fono (45 seats - 15 from each of the three atolls;
  members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve
  three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers
  legislative power on the General Fono

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in
  Tokelau

Political parties and leaders:
  none

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  none

International organization participation:
  SPC, WHO (associate)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (territory of New Zealand)

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (territory of New Zealand)

Flag description:
  the flag of New Zealand is used

§5. Tokelau Economy

Economy - overview:
  Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources
  greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the
  subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain
  public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The
  principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps,
  souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from
  relatives in New Zealand.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  NA%

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: NA% industry: NA%
  services: NA%

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  NA%

Labor force:
  NA

Unemployment rate:
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $430,830
  expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987
    est.)

Industries:
  small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft
  goods; stamps, coins; fishing

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  NA kWh

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA%
  nuclear: NA%
  other: NA%

Electricity - consumption:
  NA kWh

Agriculture - products:
  coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats

Exports:
  $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983)

Exports - commodities:
  stamps, copra, handicrafts

Exports - partners:
  NZ

Imports:
  $323,400 (c.i.f., 1983)

Imports - commodities:
  foodstuffs, building materials, fuel

Imports - partners:
  NZ

Debt - external:
  $0

Economic aid - recipient:
  $3.8 million (1995)

Currency:
  New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Currency code:
  NZD

Exchange rates:
  New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000),
  1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March

§6. Tokelau Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  NA

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  0 (2001)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: adequate domestic: radiotelephone service between
    islands
  international: radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated
    telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established
    in 1997

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station
    of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)

Radios:
  1,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  NA

Televisions:
  NA

Internet country code:
  .tk

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  NA

§7. Tokelau Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: NA km
  paved: NA km
  unpaved: NA km

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  none; offshore anchorage only

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Samoa

§8. Tokelau Military

Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

§9. Tokelau Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none
