Bahamas, The

§1. Bahamas, The Introduction

Background:
  Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas have
  prospered through tourism and international banking and investment
  management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment
  point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US, and its
  territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.

§2. Bahamas, The Geography

Location:
  Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of
  Florida

Geographic coordinates:
  24 15 N, 76 00 W

Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean

Area:
  total: 13,940 kmē
  land: 10,070 kmē
  water: 3,870 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Connecticut

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  3,542 km

Maritime claims:
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

Terrain:
  long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Alvernia, on Cat
    Island 63 m

Natural resources:
  salt, aragonite, timber, arable land

Land use:
  arable land: 1%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 0%
  forests and woodland: 32%
  other: 67% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause extensive flood and wind
  damage

Environment - current issues:
  coral reef decay; solid waste disposal

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
    Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
    Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
  strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain

§3. Bahamas, The People

Population:
  297,852
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects
    of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
    expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and
    growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and
    sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 29.43% (male 44,179; female 43,486)
  15-64 years: 64.46% (male 94,329; female 97,674)
  65 years and over: 6.11% (male 7,618; female 10,566) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.93% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  19.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  7.14 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  17.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 70.46 years male: 67.27 years
  female: 73.71 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  4.13% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  6,900 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  500 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Bahamian(s)
  adjective: Bahamian

Ethnic groups:
  black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%

Religions:
  Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman Catholic 19%, Methodist 6%, Church of God
  6%, other Protestant 12%, none or unknown 3%, other 2%

Languages:
  English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 98.2%
  male: 98.5%
  female: 98% (1995 est.)

§4. Bahamas, The Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
  conventional short form: The Bahamas

Government type:
  constitutional parliamentary democracy

Capital:
  Nassau

Administrative divisions:
  21 districts; Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bimini, Cat Island, Exuma,
  Freeport, Fresh Creek, Governor's Harbour, Green Turtle Cay, Harbour
  Island, High Rock, Inagua, Kemps Bay, Long Island, Marsh Harbour,
  Mayaguana, New Providence, Nicholls Town and Berry Islands, Ragged Island,
  Rock Sound, Sandy Point, San Salvador and Rum Cay

Independence:
  10 July 1973 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 10 July (1973)

Constitution:
  10 July 1973

Legal system:
  based on English common law

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
    Governor General Sir Orville TURNQUEST (since 2 January 1995)
  head of government: Prime Minister Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM (since 19
    August 1992) and Deputy Prime Minister Frank WATSON (since December 1994)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's
    recommendation
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
    the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the
    governor general

Legislative branch:
  bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member body appointed by
  the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the
  opposition leader for five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (40 seats;
  members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: last held 14 March 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FNM 35,
    PLP 5

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts

Political parties and leaders:
  Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM]; Progressive
  Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
  IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAES,
  NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
  WTrO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Joshua SEARS chancery: 2220 Massachusetts
    Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 319-2660
  FAX: [1] (202) 319-2668
  consulate(s) general: Miami and New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador-designate J. Richard BLANKENSHIP embassy:
    Queen Street, Nassau
  mailing address: local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau;
    stateside address: American Embassy Nassau, P. O. Box 599009, Miami, FL
    33159-9009; pouch address: Nassau, Department of State, Washington, DC
    20521-3370
  telephone: [1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206
  FAX: [1] (242) 356-0222

Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine,
  with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side

§5. Bahamas, The Economy

Economy - overview:
  The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation with an economy heavily
  dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism alone accounts for more
  than 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs 40% of the archipelago's
  labor force. Moderate growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction
  of new hotels, resorts, and residences led to an increase of the country's
  GDP by an estimated 3% in 1998, 6% in 1999, and 4.5% in 2000. Manufacturing
  and agriculture together contribute only 10% of GDP and show little growth,
  despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. Overall growth
  prospects in the short run will depend heavily on the fortunes of the
  tourism sector and continued sturdy growth in the US, which accounts for
  the majority of tourist visitors.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  4.5% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 3% industry: 7%
  services: 90% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.9% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  156,000 (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:
  tourism 40%, other services 50%, industry 5%, agriculture 5% (1995 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  9% (1998 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $766 million
  expenditures: $845 million, including capital expenditures of $97 million
    (FY97/98)

Industries:
  tourism, banking, cement, oil refining and transshipment, salt, rum,
  aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  1.465 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  1.362 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  citrus, vegetables; poultry

Exports:
  $376.8 million (2000 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  pharmaceuticals, cement, rum, crawfish, refined petroleum products

Exports - partners:
  US 22.3%, Switzerland 15.6%, UK 15%, Denmark 7.4% (1998)

Imports:
  $1.73 billion (2000 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil, vehicles, electronics

Imports - partners:
  US 27.3%, Italy 26.5%, Japan 10%, Denmark 4.2% (1998)

Debt - external:
  $385.8 million (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $9.8 million (1995)

Currency:
  Bahamian dollar (BSD)

Currency code:
  BSD

Exchange rates:
  Bahamian dollars per US dollar - 1.000 (fixed rate pegged to the dollar)

Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June

§6. Bahamas, The Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  96,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  6,152 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern facilities domestic: totally automatic system;
    highly developed
  international: tropospheric scatter and submarine cable to Florida; 3
    coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic
    Ocean) (1997)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  215,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (1997)

Televisions:
  67,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .bs

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  19 (2000)

Internet users:
  15,000 (2000)

§7. Bahamas, The Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 2,693 km
  paved: 1,546 km
  unpaved: 1,147 km (1997)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau

Merchant marine:
  total: 1,049 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 30,000,221 GRT/44,601,471
    DWT
  ships by type: bulk 185, cargo 214, chemical tanker 36, combination bulk
    15, combination ore/oil 22, container 66, liquefied gas 33, livestock
    carrier 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 79,
    passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 182, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated
    cargo 118, roll on/roll off 50, short-sea passenger 15, specialized
    tanker 3, vehicle carrier 24
  note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of
    convenience: Algeria 2, Australia 1, Austria 1, Bermuda 6, Belgium 14,
    Canada 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 2, Denmark 17, Finland 7, France 9, Germany 9,
    Greece 89, Hong Kong 7, Indonesia 2, India 1, Israel 4, Italy 8, Japan
    23, Jamaica 1, Kenya 1, Lebanon 2, Luxembourg 2, Monaco 15, Malaysia 1,
    Netherlands 16, Norway 139, Poland 3, Portugal 2, Russia 2, Saudi Arabia
    5, Singapore 12, Spain 7, Sweden 14, Syria 1, Switzerland 7, UAE 1,
    Trinidad and Tobago 2, UK 67, Ukraine 3, US 50, British Virgin Islands 1,
    British Virgin Islands 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  65 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 36 over 3,047 m: 2
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
  914 to 1,523 m: 13
  under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 29 914 to 1,523 m: 6
  under 914 m: 23 (2000 est.)

Heliports:
  1 (2000 est.)

§8. Bahamas, The Military

Military branches:
  Royal Bahamas Defense Force (Coast Guard only), Royal Bahamas Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $20 million (FY95/96)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA%

§9. Bahamas, The Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe;
  banking industry vulnerable to money laundering
