Solomon Islands

§1. Solomon Islands Introduction

Background:
  The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s.
  Some of the bitterest fighting of World War II occurred on these islands.
  Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later.
  Current issues include government deficits, deforestation, and malaria
  control.

§2. Solomon Islands Geography

Location:
  Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New
  Guinea

Geographic coordinates:
  8 00 S, 159 00 E

Map references:
  Oceania

Area:
  total: 28,450 kmē
  land: 27,540 kmē
  water: 910 kmē

Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Maryland

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  5,313 km

Maritime claims:
  measured from claimed archipelagic baselines continental shelf: 200 NM
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
  territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather

Terrain:
  mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Makarakomburu 2,447 m

Natural resources:
  fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel

Land use:
  arable land: 1%
  permanent crops: 1%
  permanent pastures: 1%
  forests and woodland: 88%
  other: 9% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  typhoons, but they are rarely destructive; geologically active region with
  frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity

Environment - current issues:
  deforestation; soil erosion; much of the surrounding coral reefs are dead
  or dying

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental
    Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,
    Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

§3. Solomon Islands People

Population:
  480,442 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 43.79% (male 107,229; female 103,162)
  15-64 years: 53.15% (male 129,315; female 126,021)
  65 years and over: 3.06% (male 7,190; female 7,525) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  2.98% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  34.05 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  4.27 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  24.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 71.55 years male: 69.12 years
  female: 74.1 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  4.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

Nationality:
  noun: Solomon Islander(s)
  adjective: Solomon Islander

Ethnic groups:
  Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 1.5%, European 0.8%, Chinese
  0.3%, other 0.4%

Religions:
  Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%, Baptist 17%, United
  (Methodist/Presbyterian) 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, other Protestant
  5%, indigenous beliefs 4%

Languages:
  Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken
  by 1%-2% of population
  note: 120 indigenous languages

Literacy:
  definition: NA
  total population: NA%
  male: NA%
  female: NA%

§4. Solomon Islands Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Solomon Islands
  former: British Solomon Islands

Government type:
  parliamentary democracy

Capital:
  Honiara

Administrative divisions:
  7 provinces and 1 town*; Central, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira,
  Malaita, Temotu, Western; note - there may be two new provinces of Choiseul
  (Lauru) and Rennell/Bellona and the administrative unit of Honiara may have
  been abolished

Independence:
  7 July 1978 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 7 July (1978)

Constitution:
  7 July 1978

Legal system:
  English common law

Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
    Governor General Father John LAPLI (since NA 1999)
  head of government: Prime Minister Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE (since 1 July
    2000); Assistant Prime Minister Nathaniel WAENA (since 1 July 2000);
    Deputy Prime Minister Allan KEMAKEZA (since 1 July 2000); note - Prime
    Minister Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU was forced to resign his position in June
    2000 following the armed takeover of the capital by elements supporting
    the opposition parties; Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE, who had been
    opposition leader, was then elected prime minister at a sitting of
    National Parliament on 30 June 2000
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the
    prime minister from among the members of Parliament
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
    the monarch on the advice of Parliament for up to five years; following
    legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of
    a majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament;
    deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of
    the prime minister from among the members of Parliament

Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single
  member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
  elections: last held 6 August 1997 (next to be held by August 2001)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GNUR 21,
    PAP 7, NAPSI 5, SILP 4, UP 4, independents 6, other 3

Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal

Political parties and leaders:
  there are two main coalitions - Coalition for National Unity,
  Reconciliation, and Peace or CNURP and Alliance for Change; the CNURP took
  power on 30 June 2000, it comprises members of the Liberal Party, People's
  Alliance Party, and the United Party, as well as a number of independents;
  the Alliance for Change, represents the former government and now is the
  opposition; in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid
  coalitions; Group for National Unity and Reconciliation or GNUR [leader
  NA]; Liberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; National Action Party of
  Solomon Islands or NAPSI [Francis SAEMALA]; People's Alliance Party or PAP
  [George LEPPING]; People's Progressive Party [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE];
  Solomon Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; United Party or UP
  [leader NA]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA

International organization participation:
  ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
  ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF,
  UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim
    Jeremiah MANELE chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400L, New York, NY
    10017
  telephone: [1] (212) 599-6192, 6193
  FAX: [1] (212) 661-8925

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  the US does not have an embassy in Solomon Islands (embassy closed July
  1993); the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon
  Islands

Flag description:
  divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side
  corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white
  five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green

§5. Solomon Islands Economy

Economy - overview:
  The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry
  for at least part of their livelihood. Most manufactured goods and
  petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped
  mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. However, severe
  ethnic violence, the closing of key business enterprises, and an empty
  government treasury have led to a continuing economic downslide. Deliveries
  of crucial fuel supplies (including those for electrical generation) by
  tankers have become sporadic due to the government's inability to pay and
  attacks against ships. Telecommunications are threatened by the lack of
  technical and maintenance staff many of whom have left the country.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $900 million (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  1% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 50% industry: 3.5%
  services: 46.5% (1995)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  10% (1999 est.)

Labor force:
  26,842

Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Unemployment rate:
  NA%

Budget:
  revenues: $147 million
  expenditures: $168 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997
    est.)

Industries:
  fish (tuna), mining, timber

Industrial production growth rate:
  NA%

Electricity - production:
  30 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  27.9 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  cocoa, beans, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit;
  cattle, pigs; timber; fish

Exports:
  $165 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  timber, fish, palm oil, cocoa, copra

Exports - partners:
  Japan 35.5%, other Asian countries 47.3% (1999)

Imports:
  $152 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  plant and equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals, fuels,
  chemicals

Imports - partners:
  Australia 38.5%, Singapore 15%, Japan 10.6%, NZ 6.2% (1999)

Debt - external:
  $152.4 million (1998)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $47 million (1999 est.), mainly from Japan, Australia, China, and NZ

Currency:
  Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)

Currency code:
  SBD

Exchange rates:
  Solomon Islands dollars per US dollar - 5.0968 (November 2000), 5.0864
  (2000), 4.8381 (1999), 4.8156 (1998), 3.7169 (1997), 3.5664 (1996)

Fiscal year:
  calendar year

§6. Solomon Islands Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  8,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  658 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: NA domestic: NA
  international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  57,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  0 (1997)

Televisions:
  3,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .sb

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  1 (2000)

Internet users:
  3,000 (2000)

§7. Solomon Islands Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 1,360 km
  paved: 34 km
  unpaved: 1,326 km (includes about 800 km of private plantation roads) (1996
    est.)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina

Merchant marine:
  none (2000 est.)

Airports:
  31 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 29 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 10
  under 914 m: 18 (2000 est.)

§8. Solomon Islands Military

Military branches:
  no regular military forces; Solomon Islands National Reconnaissance and
  Surveillance Force; Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $NA

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA%

§9. Solomon Islands Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none
