Barbados

§1. Barbados Introduction

Background:
  The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Its
  economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production
  through most of the 20th century. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing
  surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.

§2. Barbados Geography

Location:
  Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean,
  northeast of Venezuela

Geographic coordinates:
  13 10 N, 59 32 W

Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean

Area:
  total: 430 kmē
  land: 430 kmē
  water: 0 kmē

Area - comparative:
  2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
  0 km

Coastline:
  97 km

Maritime claims:
  exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate:
  tropical; rainy season (June to October)

Terrain:
  relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region

Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m

Natural resources:
  petroleum, fish, natural gas

Land use:
  arable land: 37%
  permanent crops: 0%
  permanent pastures: 5%
  forests and woodland: 12%
  other: 46% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land:
  NA kmē

Natural hazards:
  infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides

Environment - current issues:
  pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion;
  illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers

Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
    Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
    Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
  signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity

Geography - note:
  easternmost Caribbean island

§3. Barbados People

Population:
  275,330 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:
  0-14 years: 21.68% (male 30,122; female 29,572)
  15-64 years: 69.44% (male 93,283; female 97,915)
  65 years and over: 8.88% (male 9,432; female 15,006) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:
  0.46% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:
  13.47 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:
  8.53 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:
  -0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
  12.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 73.25 years male: 70.66 years
  female: 75.86 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:
  1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  1.17% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  1,800 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  130 (1999 est.)

Nationality:
  noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
  adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)

Ethnic groups:
  black 80%, white 4%, other 16%

Religions:
  Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%),
  Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%

Languages:
  English

Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
  total population: 97.4%
  male: 98%
  female: 96.8% (1995 est.)

§4. Barbados Government

Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Barbados

Government type:
  parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the
  Commonwealth

Capital:
  Bridgetown

Administrative divisions:
  11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint
  John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip,
  Saint Thomas; note - the city of Bridgetown may be given parish status

Independence:
  30 November 1966 (from UK)

National holiday:
  Independence Day, 30 November (1966)

Constitution:
  30 November 1966

Legal system:
  English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts

Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
    Governor General Sir Clifford Straughn HUSBANDS (since 1 June 1996)
  head of government: Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR (since 6 September
    1994); Deputy Prime Minister Billie MILLER (since 6 September 1994)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the
    prime minister
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
    the monarch; prime minister appointed by the governor general

Legislative branch:
  bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member body appointed by
  the governor general) and the House of Assembly (28 seats; members are
  elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
  elections: House of Assembly - last held 20 January 1999 (next to be held
    by January 2004)
  election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
    by party - BLP 26, DLP 2

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service
  Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Political parties and leaders:
  Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP
  [David THOMPSON]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Richard HAYNES]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Barbados Workers Union [Leroy TROTMAN]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David
  COMMISSIONG]; People's Progressive Movement [Eric SEALY]; Worker's Party of
  Barbados [Dr. George BELLE]

International organization participation:
  ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
  IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES,
  NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
  WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Michael KING chancery: 2144 Wyoming Avenue NW,
    Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 939-9200
  FAX: [1] (202) 332-7467
  consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
  consulate(s): Los Angeles

Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador James A. DALEY embassy: Canadian Imperial Bank
    of Commerce Building, Broad Street, Bridgetown
  mailing address: P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown; FPO AA 34055
  telephone: [1] (246) 436-4950
  FAX: [1] (246) 429-5246

Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the
  head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head
  represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of
  arms contained a complete trident)

§5. Barbados Economy

Economy - overview:
  Historically, the Barbadian economy had been dependent on sugarcane
  cultivation and related activities, but production in recent years has
  diversified into manufacturing and tourism. The start of the Port Charles
  Marina project in Speightstown helped the tourism industry continue to
  expand in 1996-2000. Offshore finance and information services are
  important foreign exchange earners, and there is also a light manufacturing
  sector. The government continues its efforts to reduce unemployment,
  encourage direct foreign investment, and privatize remaining state-owned
  enterprises. Growth should remain steady in 2001, with new tourist
  facilities a plus factor.

GDP:
  purchasing power parity - $4 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
  2.8% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita:
  purchasing power parity - $14,500 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
  agriculture: 4% industry: 16%
  services: 80% (1998)

Population below poverty line:
  NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2% (2000 est.)

Labor force:
  136,000 (1998 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:
  services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.)

Unemployment rate:
  11% (1999 est.)

Budget:
  revenues: $725.5 million
  expenditures: $750.6 million, including capital expenditures of $126.3
    million (FY97/98 est.)

Industries:
  tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export

Industrial production growth rate:
  0.8% (1996)

Electricity - production:
  718 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
  fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0%
  nuclear: 0%
  other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption:
  667.7 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:
  sugarcane, vegetables, cotton

Exports:
  $260 million (2000 est.)

Exports - commodities:
  sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical
  components, clothing

Exports - partners:
  UK 14.8%, US 11.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.6%, Venezuela 6.1%, Jamaica 5.8%
  (1998)

Imports:
  $800.3 million (2000 est.)

Imports - commodities:
  consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals,
  fuel, electrical components

Imports - partners:
  US 30.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 10.2%, Japan 8.3%, UK 7.7%, Canada 2.2%
  (1998)

Debt - external:
  $425 million (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
  $9.1 million (1995)

Currency:
  Barbadian dollar (BBD)

Currency code:
  BBD

Exchange rates:
  Barbadian dollars per US dollar - 2.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US
  dollar)

Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March

§6. Barbados Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
  108,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular:
  8,013 (1997)

Telephone system:
  general assessment: NA domestic: island-wide automatic telephone system
  international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
    tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia

Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:
  237,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:
  1 (plus two cable channels) (1997)

Televisions:
  76,000 (1997)

Internet country code:
  .bb

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
  19 (2000)

Internet users:
  6,000 (2000)

§7. Barbados Transportation

Railways:
  0 km

Highways:
  total: 1,600 km
  paved: 1,578 km
  unpaved: 22 km (1998)

Waterways:
  none

Ports and harbors:
  Bridgetown, Speightstown (Port Charles Marina)

Merchant marine:
  total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 671,545 GRT/1,125,635 DWT
  ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 28, combination bulk 1, container 2,
    petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1
  note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of
    convenience: Canada 2, Hong Kong 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:
  1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.)

§8. Barbados Military

Military branches:
  Royal Barbados Defense Force (includes Ground Forces and Coast Guard),
  Royal Barbados Police Force

Military manpower - availability:
  males age 15-49: 78,069 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
  males age 15-49: 53,576 (2001 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
  $NA

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
  NA%

§9. Barbados Transnational Issues

Disputes - international:
  none

Illicit drugs:
  one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe
  and the US
